The History of Blaan Essay Example for Free

The History of Blaan Essay The origin of the Blaan is obscured by the mist of antiquity. Though a people of rich traditional, almost nothing is known about them in view of the absence of ancient records. The Blaans belong to the second group of people who migrated to the Islands between 12,000 and 15,000 years ago. According to the Blaan folk tale told by Fulong, the early Blaans arrived the country next to the To Bali or tiny people. Historians have identified these tiny people as pygmies or negritos (little black) who said to have arrived in the Philippines about 25,000 years ago across the land bridge that was connected the archipelago with mainland Asia. It appears that the Blaans were very much ahead of the Indonesians by almost 10,000 years and cannot logically belongs to the Indonesian type A. The term Blaan, refers to a socio-linguistic group, on the Island of Mindanao, with covers coastal, lowland and highland groups from approximately as far North of Mt. Buluan, to as far South as the Sarangani Peninsula. Both the coastal, lowland and highland distinctions are based in geographical and ecological considerations as will as historical contact with other groups. The coastal and lowland Blaan groups tend to display a much more heterogeneous composition that the more homogeneous highland groups. As such the coastal and lowland groups in the highland are which display a strong sense of culture identity, as will as, more traditional Blaan practice. [pic] HISTORY OF BLAAN ASSOCIATED TO THE LAND. The people come from the land, without the land, there would be no people. The land, comes from the people for without the people, there would be no cultivated land. This is because land to the tribal is as a partner in life-not as commodity, not as a property that is owned and which may be bartered or sold. For centuries, the tribal people have been able to do just this quite successfully, maintaining ecological balance within their territory maintaining harmony with their environment. The traditional kaingin system of farming practiced by the majority of tribal Filipino has kept the soil fertile and has given flora and fauna, time regenerate land, life and power. The Fulo Bato Blaan consider themselves as one of the highland Blaan groups. According to highland Blaan traditional relief and custom, the spiritual entities, who inhabit the earth and the sky, are the true owners of the land for Blaan. [pic] Blaan says, that, the Blaan are like the banana, before a generation dies, new roots appear and grow. They grow up and always grow into bananas. They never grow into papaya. In the same way, each new generation of Blaan grow up with the same responsibilities, the previous generation, the same they never change. Blaan relationship are characterized by the interdependence, while each village has property rights over territorial lands, individuals can take as much land as needed provided that this is not in use at the time when a field is abandoned, the ownership revert to the community or (Banwu) personal property applies to products of own labor and still, house, furnishing, weapons, tools, and land crops. [pic] Many Blaan are very upset about the loss of the traditional lands to non-Blaan groups. Some Blaans believe that the purchase of land is only practical method of obtaining their land from the non- Blaan group, who currently occupy it. BLAAN LANGUAGE: Ani sen aye tana go. La ti fan don ko agtagak go di gamo. Ani sen aye go sol. Benwu fan go tayok di gamo. ENGLISH LANGUAGE: This is my traditional land. I dont want to leave this land. This is my homeland that I will leave to go. The Blaan people have been struggling for the recognition of their Ancestral Domain. The issue goes beyond simply a question of land use. The manner by which the Blaan people relate to their land resources deeply inter-wines with the customs, culture and political practices. Thus, it is an issue of a people life in its totality, and their struggle is an expression of their self-determination to carve their own destiny as a distinct people. [pic] The Blaan people have the right to maintain the distinctive spiritual relationship with their land, water and resources. They have the right to own and develop these. Their environment and their culture and intellectual property must be protected. The Blaan people have the right to control the development of their land. Government shall assist the Blaan people to preserve and protect their sacred sites. The Blaan people have the right to their own language and government hall ensure that the Blaan people can understand and he understand through interpretations and other appropriate ways in legal and other proceedings. The Blaan people value their culture and their tradition. They want to nurture it and maintain it. They want others to respect their right to do so. Blaan ancestral domain (tabi tana) and culture identity must be respected. BONG BANWU.is a big community. It is not only a community of people, but also includes their alnigo or clearing, gumlok or the hunting ground, bolol or the mountains, e-el or the rivers, ritual sites and other geographic and human features, such as burial grounds. This domain is defined by territorial boundaries. In the past, the term Bong Banwu was used by the highland Blaan to refer to a very large village and its accompanying and/ or surrounding land. One village was conceptualized by the Blaan as the residence of one mans family. The name of the familys most senior male was often used to refer to the village and its surrounding area. The locality in which the residence of the Bong Fulong is located is usually indicated by a higher population density.

Set Theory in the Flesh :: Numbers Mathematics Essays

Set Theory in the Flesh The idea of infinity has been around for thousands of years. It it impossible to even conceive of this number or anything that pertains to the infinite. There is always one more. A billion is a fairly large number, 1 with 9 zeros after it. If one counted by seconds without breaks, it would take over 32 years to reach it. A Google, is a number written as 1 with one hundred zeros after it. One couldn't even count the number of lifetimes it would take to count to this number. Yet there are even much higher numbers such as a Googleplex. This number is one with a Google zeros. It would take far far too long to even write out the number. If the entire known universe was packed with quarks, the smallest known material, the number of quarks would not add up to a Googleplex. Compared to infinity, though, this number is as far away as the number one. Set theory is an area of mathematics that deals with inconceivable numbers, and bottomless concepts such as infinity. As it turns out there are many different kinds and orders of Hartmann 2 infinity that were documented by George Cantor, who opened up this area of math for the world. One way of describing these different levels of infinity is with Cantor's theoretical "Hotel Infinity" which is also an Allegory of his work and struggles in set theory. The story is interesting and also explains the fundamentals of infinity. Cantor and his assistant built a wondrous hotel that was made in such a way that there are infinitely many rooms. When he makes this hotel, his enemy Mr. Kronecker, criticizes itsaying that it's impossible and breaks the material of logic and should therefore be destroyed. Kronecker was a real person who criticized Cantor's works from the start trying to get it dismissed as not real mathematics. However, Cantor was able to publish his works, and in the story, his famous hotel was able to be printed in news paper advertisements. When the hotel finally filled up with an infinite number of people, Cantor's assistant didn't know what to do. Finally, Cantor told him to make everyone move from their room to a room that is numbered one higher than the previous one they were in. By doing this, Cantor was able to make room for one more person.

Ernest Hemingway’s ‘Cat in the Rain’

Moya, Jon Enc1102 February 27, 2013 Midterm Essay The story I will be analyzing is ‘Cat in The Rain’ By Earnest Hemingway. The story tells a story of an American couple staying at a hotel, presumably in Italy because of the mentioning of Italians and the dialogue sometimes having the Italian language. Hemingway uses good imagery to describe the room the couple stayed in. He wrote that it faced the sea, a public garden, and a war monument. He goes on to describe the beauty of the garden and how if there was a good weather, there would always be an artist admiring it and painting it.He then mentions that Italians â€Å"come from a long way off† to visit the war monument. He does this probably to show that Italians really respect the monument and what it stands for. It then begins to rain and all the cars were gone around the monument which means that everyone was probably inside. Then story then introduces the American Wife and how she notices a cat trying to stay d ry in the rain by sheltering itself under a table. She says that she wants to get the â€Å"kitty†. After her husband offers to do it for her, she declines the offer and goes on to do it herself while her husband goes back to reading.She goes downstairs and as she passes the front desk she has small talk in Italian with the hotel owner about the weather. I presume Hemingway made it in Italian to confirm that the setting was indeed in Italy. In this time Hemingway writes about the wife’s feelings towards the owner, saying this â€Å"The wife liked him. She liked the deadly serious way he received any complaints. She liked his dignity. She liked the way he wanted to serve her. She liked the way he felt about being a hotel-keeper. She liked his old, heavy face and big hands†.Hemingway used many likes to contrast the hotel-keeper to the Husband. Hemingway makes it a point to have so many â€Å"likes† in that section to show that the wife is most likely unhapp y with her husband because she’s paying close attention to what she likes in a man. After the conversation, she goes out into the courtyard to look for the cat. A maid that was sent from the hotel-keeper then offers her an umbrella. They go on to have a conversation on how the wife was looking for a cat and that it was no longer there and that she really wanted â€Å"kitty†. The story begins to address the protagonist as â€Å"American Girl† now. Most likely to emphasize her increasing childlike behavior stated by her use of the word â€Å"kitty† now rather than cat. The girl then returns to her room passing by the office and feeling special and important when the owner bows to her. Hemingway most likely wrote that to emphasize that she really doesn’t get much attention if a simple bow would make her feel special. Back in the room, the wife has a conversation with her husband on how she wants to grow out her hair.The husband tells her she looks fin e but she goes on to say that she wants to brush her hair, and she wants a kitty, and her own silverware and candles and some new clothes. After saying this, George just tells her to shut up and get something to read. This reaction that George has to his wife is also contrasting with what the wife liked from the owner. She liked the way the owner listened to her complaints and wanted to serve her, this instance further contrasts what she has in a marriage and what she wants.The list of things wanted by the wife shows that she is unhappy with the marriage and that she wants things that are common in every marriage. She then says even if she doesn’t get those things, she still wants a cat. The story then abruptly ends with the maid knocking on the door holding a cat saying it was sent by the owner to the wife. This ending contrasts the actions of the husband and the owner even more than before. There has been much speculation as to what the cat represents in the story.One theor y that scholars and professors have is that her want for a cat shows her desire for a child. [1] In the story there is also mention of a man in a â€Å"rubber cape† passing by the square. Scholars know it isn’t Hemingway’s style to add pointless interludes in a story so they speculate that it could represent a rubber condom preventing the wife from becoming pregnant. [2] In the biography â€Å"Hemingway’s Cats†, the author writes that â€Å"Cat in The Rain† was a tribute to Hemingway’s wife Hadley.According to biographer Gioia Diliberto, Hemingway based this story on an incident with his wife when she was two months pregnant and saw a cat under a table and told Hemingway that she wanted a cat. [3] Cat in The Rain is an extremely ambiguous story and really demonstrates Hemingway’s skill of using very simple items to portray much more complex ideas. Sources [1]   Hemingway, Ernest (1925, 2006). In Our Time. New York: Scribner. [2]   Hamad, Ahmad S.. Post-Structuralist Literary Criticism and the Resisting Text. [3]   Brennen, Carlene (2006). Hemingway’s Cats. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple Press.

The Fundamental Principles That Confirm The Importance Of...

Existential Therapy Ms. Belinda Coulter, Arlinda Blankumsee, and Georgia Green School of Professional Counseling Lindsey Wilson College Author Note Ms. Belinda Coulter, Arlinda Blankumsee, and Georgia Green, The School of Professional Counseling, Lindsey Wilson College.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ms. Belinda Coulter, Arlinda Blankumsee, and Georgia Green, Email: belinda.coulter@lindsey.edy, arlinda.blankumsee@lindsey.edu, georgia.green@lindsey.edu. Abstract This document will explore the fundamental principles that confirm the importance of Frankl’s, Existential Theory and Logotherapy. Keywords: Meaningfulness, Freedom, will (as in will power), and isolation to name a few. Holocaust†¦show more content†¦As defined by Merriam-Webster, Existentialism is, â€Å"a chiefly 20th century philosophical movement embracing diverse doctrines but centering on analysis of individual existence in an unfathomable universe and the plight of the individual who must assume ultimate responsibility for acts of free will without any certain knowledge of what is right or wrong or good or bad† (Merriam Webster). Logotherapy/existential analysis is based on the premise that within one’s self there lies the 1) â€Å"Freedom to will, 2)â€Å"will to meaning†, and 3), â€Å" meaning to life†. (Batthyany, Alexander) Meaning to life as it pertains to classic existential theory and logotherapy, is defined by the individual on a situational basis. It can vary based on what is essential to the individual and their well being (Existentialism-By Branch/Doctri ne, The Basics of Philosophy). Frankl concentrates on what it was that drives people to live, and determined that those who survived the unspeakable circumstances of the Nazi camps had been those who focused on the meaning of their lives. Frankl’s psychological-anthropological model addresses the ability for others overcome